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roof shingle
Roof shingles are a roof covering consisting of individual overlapping elements. These elements are typically flat, rectangular shapes laid in courses from the bottom edge of the roof up, with each successive course overlapping the joints below. Shingles are made of various materials such as wood, slate, flagstone, fibre cement, metal, plastic, and composite material such as asphalt shingles. Ceramic roof tiles, which still dominate in Europe and some parts of Asia, are still usually called tiles. Roof shingles are a very common roofing material in the United States, but may deteriorate faster and need to repel more water than wall shingles.
==Etymology==
Shingle is a corruption of German schindle (schindel) meaning a roofing slate.〔("Shingle" ) def. 1. Whitney, William Dwight, and Benjamin E. Smith. ''The Century dictionary and cyclopedia''. vol 7. New York: Century Co., 1901. 5574. Print. Accessed 1/11/2014〕 Shingles historically were called tiles and shingle was a term applied to wood shingles,〔 as is still mostly the case outside the US.
Shingles are laid in ''courses'' usually with each shingle ''offset'' from its neighbors. The first course is the ''starter course'' and the last being a ''ridge course'' or ''ridge slates'' for a slate roof. The ridge is often being covered with a ''ridge cap'', ''board'', ''piece'', or ''roll''〔Passmore, Augustine C.. ''Handbook of technical terms used in architecture and building and their allied trades and subjects'',. London: Scott, Greenwood, and Co.;, 1904. Print.〕 sometimes with a special ''ridge vent'' material.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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